KHARIF CROP :Paddy

PADDY

Common name -paddy

Botanical name- Orzaya sativa

                        DRY PADDY FIELD

Kingdom: Plantae - Plants
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta - Vascular plants
Superdivision: Spermatophyta - Seed plants
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida - Monocotyledons
Subclass: Commelinidae
Order: Cyperales
Family: Poaceae - Grass family
Genus: Oryza L. - rice

Species: Oryza glaberrima - African rice
Species: Oryza sativa - rice

Family:  poaceae

Origin:

 O. sativa was recovered from a grave at Susa in Iran (dated to the 1st century AD) at one end of the ancient world, another domestication of rice in South Asia. Today, the majority of allrice produced comes from China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, and Japan.

Distribution: Its distribution in India is eastern coastal plains, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Haryana. Two to three crops of rice are raised annually in the deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri. Nowadays Punjab and Haryana are known for its cultivation. It depends upon irrigation. Besides, rice is grown on terraced fields of the hills from Kashmir to Assam.

Seed rate: 

20 kg per hectare

Age of seedling: 

20 to 25 days

Spacing (cm): 20 x 10 (50 hills/m2) or 25 x 10 (40 hills/m2) according to soil fertilitySeedlings/ hill-One (along with tillers if already produced)

Fertilizer:- 

175:60:60 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/h

Variety:-

Asian rice (Oryza sativa) is most widely known and most widely grown, with two major subspecies and over 40,000 varieties.

Some of it's Indian variety are:-

1) Aizon Rice

2)Ambemohar
3)Annapoornna
4)Atop
5)Basmati rice
6)Bhut Muri
7)ChampaaRice
8)Clearfield Rice
9)Dubraj rice
10)Gandhasala
11)Gobindobhog
12)Hansraj
13)HasanSerai
14)HMT Rice
15)Idly Rice – short grain
16)Jay Shrirama Rice
17)Joha Rice
18)Jyothi
19)Kamini Rice
20)Katta Sambar
21)Laxmi Bhog (West Bengal)
22)Minicate
23)Molakolukulu
24(Navara RicePatna Rice
25)Ponni Rice
26)Poreiton Chakhau – an aromatic 27)dark red rice from Manipur
28)Pusa Basmati 1121
29)Pusa Rice
30)Raja Hansa Rice
31)Ranjit Rice
32)Rosematta Rice
33)Sona Masuri
34)SurekhaThimmasamundaram 35)Mollakolukulu
36)Tulaipanji (West Bengal)

Climatic requirements:-

                  MAJOR CROPING AREA

In India, rice is grown under widely varying conditions of altitude and climate. Rice cultivation in India extends from 8 to 350N altitude and from sea level to as high as 3000 meters. Rice crop needs a hot and humid climate. It is best suited o regions which have high humidity, prolonged sunshine and an assured supply of water. The average temperature required through out the life period of the crop ranges from 21 to 370C. at the time of tillering the crop requires a higher temperature than for growth. Temperature require for blooming is in the range of 26.5 to 29.50C. at the time of ripening the temperature should be between 20-250C. photoperiodically, rice is a short-day plant. However, there are varieties which are non-sensitive to photoperiodic conditions.

Yield:-

For 2018-19, the agriculture ministry has fixed the production target for riceat 113 million tonnes, against 112.9 million tonne last year.